Merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries): Merchandise trade was 47.8% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries), 1960–2025
Source: World Trade Organization (WTO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) is 47.8%, measured in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 8.7% on the previous year and down 7.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) peaked at 62.7% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 6.9%, in 1969.
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) ranks 14th of 47 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries), year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 10.4% | — |
| 1961 | 10.7% | +2.5% |
| 1962 | 11.2% | +4.8% |
| 1963 | 10.2% | -9.0% |
| 1964 | 8.5% | -16.8% |
| 1965 | 8.7% | +2.1% |
| 1966 | 8.6% | -1.0% |
| 1967 | 7.7% | -10.0% |
| 1968 | 7.2% | -6.7% |
| 1969 | 6.9% | -4.5% |
| 1970 | 8.6% | +25.1% |
| 1971 | 11.4% | +32.9% |
| 1972 | 11.9% | +3.7% |
| 1973 | 13.1% | +10.4% |
| 1974 | 15.0% | +14.6% |
| 1975 | 13.3% | -11.1% |
| 1976 | 13.8% | +3.3% |
| 1977 | 12.9% | -6.6% |
| 1978 | 10.4% | -18.8% |
| 1979 | 8.2% | -21.7% |
| 1980 | 34.8% | +324.8% |
| 1981 | 38.5% | +10.8% |
| 1982 | 44.6% | +15.9% |
| 1983 | 50.0% | +12.1% |
| 1984 | 56.2% | +12.4% |
| 1985 | 54.5% | -3.0% |
| 1986 | 49.9% | -8.4% |
| 1992 | 24.9% | -50.2% |
| 1993 | 25.8% | +3.7% |
| 1994 | 34.8% | +34.7% |
| 1995 | 37.6% | +8.0% |
| 1996 | 41.1% | +9.4% |
| 1997 | 41.7% | +1.5% |
| 1998 | 43.1% | +3.4% |
| 1999 | 45.7% | +6.0% |
| 2000 | 50.3% | +10.1% |
| 2001 | 51.3% | +2.0% |
| 2002 | 51.0% | -0.7% |
| 2003 | 53.3% | +4.6% |
| 2004 | 55.3% | +3.6% |
| 2005 | 53.9% | -2.4% |
| 2006 | 55.5% | +2.9% |
| 2007 | 54.8% | -1.3% |
| 2008 | 56.7% | +3.5% |
| 2009 | 49.2% | -13.3% |
| 2010 | 51.5% | +4.8% |
| 2011 | 54.0% | +4.7% |
| 2012 | 52.2% | -3.3% |
| 2013 | 50.6% | -3.0% |
| 2014 | 52.0% | +2.8% |
| 2015 | 51.7% | -0.7% |
| 2016 | 51.5% | -0.4% |
| 2017 | 54.4% | +5.7% |
| 2018 | 58.9% | +8.2% |
| 2019 | 57.2% | -2.9% |
| 2020 | 56.7% | -0.9% |
| 2021 | 62.7% | +10.6% |
| 2022 | 62.0% | -1.0% |
| 2023 | 57.3% | -7.7% |
| 2024 | 52.3% | -8.6% |
| 2025 | 47.8% | -8.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 9.0% | 6.9% | 11.2% | 10 |
| 1970s | 11.9% | 8.2% | 15.0% | 10 |
| 1980s | 46.9% | 34.8% | 56.2% | 7 |
| 1990s | 36.8% | 24.9% | 45.7% | 8 |
| 2000s | 53.1% | 49.2% | 56.7% | 10 |
| 2010s | 53.4% | 50.6% | 58.9% | 10 |
| 2020s | 56.5% | 47.8% | 62.7% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)
- 11 Netherlands 139.5% compare
- 12 Czechia 137.3% compare
- 13 Hungary 133.1% compare
- 14 Cambodia 127.1% compare
- 15 Lao People's Democratic Republic 124.1% compare
- 16 Thailand 118.6% compare
- 17 American Samoa 117.7% compare
More private sector data for Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)
- Food imports 9.5% (2024)
- Manufactures imports 69.1% (2024)
- Merchandise imports 1.78 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Food exports 11.3% (2021)
- Manufactures exports 49.6% (2021)
- Merchandise exports 1.60 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per capita 3,468 current US$ per person (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.2266 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), annual growth rate 2.64 % change on previous year (2025)
- Merchandise imports (current US$), per capita 3,842 current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)?
- Merchandise trade in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) was 47.8% in 2025, according to World Trade Organization (WTO).
- What is the highest merchandise trade recorded in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)?
- The highest recorded value was 62.7% in 2021.
- What is the lowest merchandise trade recorded in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)?
- The lowest recorded value was 6.9% in 1969.
- How does Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) rank for merchandise trade?
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) ranks 14th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is merchandise trade rising or falling in Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)?
- Over the last ten years it is down 7.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) data come from?
- The figures come from World Trade Organization (WTO), published as part of Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.