Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in Russia
Russia: Merchandise trade (% of GDP) was 28.2% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Merchandise trade in Russia, 1992–2025
Source: World Trade Organization (WTO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Russia recorded 28.2% for merchandise trade in 2025.
That represents a change of down 16.2% on the previous year and down 28.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, merchandise trade in Russia peaked at 58.7% in 1999 and was at its lowest, 18.0%, in 1992.
Russia ranks 179th of 204 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 34 years of available data.
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in Russia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 18.0% | — |
| 1993 | 18.5% | +2.8% |
| 1994 | 29.8% | +61.3% |
| 1995 | 36.7% | +22.9% |
| 1996 | 40.3% | +9.9% |
| 1997 | 39.2% | -2.6% |
| 1998 | 48.9% | +24.6% |
| 1999 | 58.7% | +20.2% |
| 2000 | 57.7% | -1.8% |
| 2001 | 50.8% | -12.0% |
| 2002 | 48.7% | -4.1% |
| 2003 | 49.3% | +1.1% |
| 2004 | 47.5% | -3.6% |
| 2005 | 48.3% | +1.8% |
| 2006 | 47.3% | -2.2% |
| 2007 | 44.5% | -5.9% |
| 2008 | 46.0% | +3.4% |
| 2009 | 40.5% | -11.9% |
| 2010 | 42.6% | +5.1% |
| 2011 | 41.3% | -2.9% |
| 2012 | 39.2% | -5.3% |
| 2013 | 37.6% | -3.8% |
| 2014 | 39.1% | +3.8% |
| 2015 | 39.2% | +0.3% |
| 2016 | 37.1% | -5.4% |
| 2017 | 37.6% | +1.4% |
| 2018 | 41.8% | +11.3% |
| 2019 | 39.8% | -4.8% |
| 2020 | 38.4% | -3.4% |
| 2021 | 43.5% | +13.2% |
| 2022 | 37.9% | -12.8% |
| 2023 | 35.6% | -6.1% |
| 2024 | 33.6% | -5.5% |
| 2025 | 28.2% | -16.2% |
Russia compared with similar countries
- Russia's 28.2% is below the median for high income countries, which is 55.2%, 51% of the median. (76 countries reporting)
- Russia's 28.2% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 63.2%, 45% of the median. (51 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in Russia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | +61.3% | 18.5% | 29.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 36.3% | 18.0% | 58.7% | 8 |
| 2000s | 48.0% | 40.5% | 57.7% | 10 |
| 2010s | 39.5% | 37.1% | 42.6% | 10 |
| 2020s | 36.2% | 28.2% | 43.5% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Russia
More private sector data for Russia
- Food imports 10.9% (2021)
- Manufactures imports 79.8% (2021)
- Merchandise imports 302.71 billion current US$ (2025)
- Commercial service imports 93.65 billion current US$ (2025)
- Food exports 6.6% (2021)
- Manufactures exports 22.1% (2021)
- Merchandise exports 419.40 billion current US$ (2025)
- Commercial service exports 45.30 billion current US$ (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per capita 2,922 current US$ per person (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.1637 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is merchandise trade in Russia?
- Merchandise trade in Russia was 28.2% in 2025, according to World Trade Organization (WTO).
- What is the highest merchandise trade recorded in Russia?
- The highest recorded value was 58.7% in 1999.
- What is the lowest merchandise trade recorded in Russia?
- The lowest recorded value was 18.0% in 1992.
- How does Russia rank for merchandise trade?
- Russia ranks 179th out of 204 countries with data for 2025.
- Is merchandise trade rising or falling in Russia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 28.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Russia data come from?
- The figures come from World Trade Organization (WTO), published as part of Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 34 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.