Merchandise trade in Spain
Spain: Merchandise trade was 50.3% in 2025. ▲ Rising
Merchandise trade in Spain, 1960–2025
Source: World Trade Organization (WTO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Spain recorded 50.3% for merchandise trade in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 4.4% on the previous year and up 2.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, merchandise trade in Spain peaked at 62.8% in 2022 and was at its lowest, 11.6%, in 1960.
Spain ranks 108th of 204 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 66 years of available data.
Merchandise trade in Spain, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 11.6% | — |
| 1961 | 12.7% | +8.7% |
| 1962 | 13.9% | +9.7% |
| 1963 | 13.7% | -1.3% |
| 1964 | 14.5% | +5.5% |
| 1965 | 15.6% | +7.9% |
| 1966 | 16.4% | +5.1% |
| 1967 | 14.7% | -10.0% |
| 1968 | 15.7% | +6.6% |
| 1969 | 16.5% | +5.2% |
| 1970 | 17.4% | +5.3% |
| 1971 | 17.1% | -1.7% |
| 1972 | 18.0% | +5.3% |
| 1973 | 18.9% | +5.0% |
| 1974 | 23.2% | +22.5% |
| 1975 | 20.9% | -9.8% |
| 1976 | 22.1% | +5.9% |
| 1977 | 21.2% | -4.2% |
| 1978 | 19.8% | -6.5% |
| 1979 | 20.4% | +2.6% |
| 1980 | 23.6% | +15.8% |
| 1981 | 25.9% | +9.9% |
| 1982 | 26.5% | +2.4% |
| 1983 | 28.6% | +8.0% |
| 1984 | 30.4% | +6.3% |
| 1985 | 30.0% | -1.4% |
| 1986 | 24.8% | -17.4% |
| 1987 | 26.2% | +5.5% |
| 1988 | 26.6% | +1.7% |
| 1989 | 28.0% | +5.2% |
| 1990 | 26.7% | -4.4% |
| 1991 | 26.6% | -0.5% |
| 1992 | 26.0% | -2.2% |
| 1993 | 27.1% | +4.1% |
| 1994 | 31.2% | +15.3% |
| 1995 | 34.4% | +10.2% |
| 1996 | 35.6% | +3.4% |
| 1997 | 36.7% | +3.2% |
| 1998 | 40.2% | +9.5% |
| 1999 | 37.8% | -5.9% |
| 2000 | 45.4% | +20.1% |
| 2001 | 43.2% | -4.8% |
| 2002 | 41.0% | -5.1% |
| 2003 | 40.2% | -2.1% |
| 2004 | 41.2% | +2.6% |
| 2005 | 41.7% | +1.2% |
| 2006 | 43.0% | +3.1% |
| 2007 | 43.5% | +1.2% |
| 2008 | 42.9% | -1.4% |
| 2009 | 34.8% | -19.0% |
| 2010 | 40.7% | +17.1% |
| 2011 | 45.9% | +12.8% |
| 2012 | 47.5% | +3.5% |
| 2013 | 48.3% | +1.7% |
| 2014 | 49.5% | +2.4% |
| 2015 | 49.3% | -0.5% |
| 2016 | 48.3% | -1.9% |
| 2017 | 50.8% | +5.1% |
| 2018 | 51.5% | +1.4% |
| 2019 | 50.4% | -2.2% |
| 2020 | 49.2% | -2.3% |
| 2021 | 54.7% | +11.2% |
| 2022 | 62.8% | +14.7% |
| 2023 | 55.1% | -12.2% |
| 2024 | 52.6% | -4.5% |
| 2025 | 50.3% | -4.4% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 50.3% is below the median for high income countries, which is 55.2%, 91% of the median. (76 countries reporting)
- Spain's 50.3% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 63.2%, 80% of the median. (51 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 14.5% | 11.6% | 16.5% | 10 |
| 1970s | 19.9% | 17.1% | 23.2% | 10 |
| 1980s | 27.1% | 23.6% | 30.4% | 10 |
| 1990s | 32.2% | 26.0% | 40.2% | 10 |
| 2000s | 41.7% | 34.8% | 45.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 48.2% | 40.7% | 51.5% | 10 |
| 2020s | 54.1% | 49.2% | 62.8% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More private sector data for Spain
- Food imports 12.5% (2024)
- Manufactures imports 65.3% (2024)
- Merchandise imports 513.32 billion current US$ (2025)
- Food exports 18.6% (2024)
- Manufactures exports 65.2% (2024)
- Merchandise exports 445.11 billion current US$ (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per capita 9,018 current US$ per person (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.2335 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), annual growth rate 3.87 % change on previous year (2025)
- Merchandise imports (current US$), per capita 10,400 current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is merchandise trade in Spain?
- Merchandise trade in Spain was 50.3% in 2025, according to World Trade Organization (WTO).
- What is the highest merchandise trade recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 62.8% in 2022.
- What is the lowest merchandise trade recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 11.6% in 1960.
- How does Spain rank for merchandise trade?
- Spain ranks 108th out of 204 countries with data for 2025.
- Is merchandise trade rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 2.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from World Trade Organization (WTO), published as part of Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 66 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.