Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in Turkey
Turkey: Merchandise trade (% of GDP) was 40.0% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Merchandise trade in Turkey, 1960–2025
Source: World Trade Organization (WTO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Turkey recorded 40.0% for merchandise trade in 2025.
That represents a change of down 10.3% on the previous year and down 5.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, merchandise trade in Turkey peaked at 66.7% in 2022 and was at its lowest, 6.9%, in 1969.
That places Turkey 143rd out of 204 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in Turkey, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 10.4% | — |
| 1961 | 10.7% | +2.5% |
| 1962 | 11.2% | +4.8% |
| 1963 | 10.2% | -9.0% |
| 1964 | 8.5% | -16.8% |
| 1965 | 8.7% | +2.1% |
| 1966 | 8.6% | -1.0% |
| 1967 | 7.7% | -10.0% |
| 1968 | 7.2% | -6.7% |
| 1969 | 6.9% | -4.5% |
| 1970 | 8.6% | +25.1% |
| 1971 | 11.4% | +32.9% |
| 1972 | 11.9% | +3.7% |
| 1973 | 13.1% | +10.4% |
| 1974 | 15.0% | +14.6% |
| 1975 | 13.3% | -11.1% |
| 1976 | 13.8% | +3.3% |
| 1977 | 12.9% | -6.6% |
| 1978 | 10.4% | -18.8% |
| 1979 | 8.2% | -21.7% |
| 1980 | 15.7% | +92.2% |
| 1981 | 19.2% | +21.9% |
| 1982 | 22.7% | +18.3% |
| 1983 | 24.2% | +6.8% |
| 1984 | 29.8% | +23.3% |
| 1985 | 28.7% | -3.8% |
| 1986 | 24.5% | -14.6% |
| 1987 | 27.9% | +13.8% |
| 1988 | 28.6% | +2.4% |
| 1989 | 25.6% | -10.5% |
| 1990 | 23.4% | -8.5% |
| 1991 | 22.9% | -2.0% |
| 1992 | 23.6% | +3.0% |
| 1993 | 24.8% | +5.0% |
| 1994 | 31.7% | +27.6% |
| 1995 | 24.4% | -22.9% |
| 1996 | 26.7% | +9.4% |
| 1997 | 28.4% | +6.2% |
| 1998 | 26.4% | -7.0% |
| 1999 | 26.0% | -1.3% |
| 2000 | 29.9% | +15.0% |
| 2001 | 36.0% | +20.1% |
| 2002 | 36.4% | +1.2% |
| 2003 | 37.0% | +1.6% |
| 2004 | 39.2% | +6.0% |
| 2005 | 37.4% | -4.5% |
| 2006 | 40.2% | +7.5% |
| 2007 | 40.5% | +0.6% |
| 2008 | 43.1% | +6.4% |
| 2009 | 37.2% | -13.7% |
| 2010 | 38.3% | +2.9% |
| 2011 | 44.5% | +16.3% |
| 2012 | 43.9% | -1.3% |
| 2013 | 43.9% | -0.1% |
| 2014 | 44.3% | +1.0% |
| 2015 | 42.1% | -4.9% |
| 2016 | 40.4% | -4.2% |
| 2017 | 46.7% | +15.7% |
| 2018 | 51.8% | +11.0% |
| 2019 | 50.4% | -2.7% |
| 2020 | 53.0% | +5.2% |
| 2021 | 59.1% | +11.5% |
| 2022 | 66.7% | +12.8% |
| 2023 | 54.1% | -18.9% |
| 2024 | 44.6% | -17.6% |
| 2025 | 40.0% | -10.3% |
Turkey compared with similar countries
- Turkey's 40.0% is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is 56.8%, 70% of the median. (58 countries reporting)
- Turkey's 40.0% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 63.2%, 63% of the median. (51 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in Turkey changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | +92.2% | 8.2% | 15.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 9.0% | 6.9% | 11.2% | 10 |
| 1970s | 11.9% | 8.2% | 15.0% | 10 |
| 1980s | 24.7% | 15.7% | 29.8% | 10 |
| 1990s | 25.8% | 22.9% | 31.7% | 10 |
| 2000s | 37.7% | 29.9% | 43.1% | 10 |
| 2010s | 44.6% | 38.3% | 51.8% | 10 |
| 2020s | 52.9% | 40.0% | 66.7% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Turkey
More private sector data for Turkey
- Food imports 7.0% (2025)
- Manufactures imports 60.5% (2025)
- Merchandise imports 365.37 billion current US$ (2025)
- Commercial service imports 58.00 billion current US$ (2025)
- Food exports 11.8% (2025)
- Manufactures exports 74.5% (2025)
- Merchandise exports 273.36 billion current US$ (2025)
- Commercial service exports 122.32 billion current US$ (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per capita 3,183 current US$ per person (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.1711 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is merchandise trade in Turkey?
- Merchandise trade in Turkey was 40.0% in 2025, according to World Trade Organization (WTO).
- What is the highest merchandise trade recorded in Turkey?
- The highest recorded value was 66.7% in 2022.
- What is the lowest merchandise trade recorded in Turkey?
- The lowest recorded value was 6.9% in 1969.
- How does Turkey rank for merchandise trade?
- Turkey ranks 143rd out of 204 countries with data for 2025.
- Is merchandise trade rising or falling in Turkey?
- Over the last ten years it is down 5.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Turkey data come from?
- The figures come from World Trade Organization (WTO), published as part of Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 66 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.